Axle-collar press



(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1'.

- A. PATERSON.

AXLE COLLAR PRESS.

Inventor n MN n iQw A 1 m E Patented July 3 Attorney (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sl1eet 2. A. PATERSON.

AXLE COLLAR PRESS. No. 385,371. Patented July 3, 1888.

' WITNESSES. 1N VEJVTOR .Attorney axle.

UNITED. STATES,

PATENT OFFIC EQ ANDREW rn'rnnson, or MoKEESPORT, PENNSYLVANIA, Assreuon To THE nATton L trons wonxs- COMPANY, on Boston, MASSACHUSETTS.

- AXLE-COLLAR o eness SPECIFICATION forming pint of ileum PatentNo. $5,371, dated July 3,1888.

Application filed March s ires.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I ANDREW PATERSON, of"

McKeesport, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania,

haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Axle-Collar Presses, of which the fol lowing is a specification.

This invention pertains to a machine designed, primarily, for forcing the collars upon vehicle-axles. .Theparticular form of axle in These collars are secured in place by being forced onto the axle under heavy pressure.

Sometimes the collars. are simple round col-j lars, sometimes round with square bodies to the rear of them, and sometimes with ears for attaching themto the vehicle parts, the character of collar varying often with a proposed special application of the axle. When the col:

lar is in place, its outer face must be a definite distance from the shoulder of the nipple of the The force employed in applying the collars must be sufiicient to insure integrity of attachment, and provision must be made against an excessive force which would tend to bend the axle, and care mustbe taken not tobruise the threads upon the nipples.

My improved machine will be,readily understood from the following description, taken in connectionwith the accompanying draw- 'ings, in which i Figure 1 is a plan of my improved axle-collar press, the driving-shaft appearing in horizontal section; Fig. 2, a front elevation of the same with one of the forcing-cylinders shownin vertical longitudinal section; Fig. 3, an end view ofa portion of the body of the machine, showing the side of one of the rests for supporting the axles while being operated upon; Fig. 4, a front view of one of the rests Q,exhibiting the rest-jaws in vertical transverse section; Fig. 5, a plan of a pair of rest-jaws in proper rela tion to each other, except that they have. been separated sidewise to exhibit their inwardlyprojecting nuts; and Fig.- 6, a plan of one end Serial No. 266,248. No model.)

of an a'xle,shown in relation to its rest-jaws and forcing'plungers, the cylin'ders and plungers appearing inhorizontal section, this view, however, showing the axle-collar as having just reached its ultimate position.

In the drawings, A indicates a horizontal bed of sufficient strength to meet the pressing strains, and having its top formed with longitudinal guideways to permit the sliding of certain parts; B, a heavy screw journaled longitudinally-in the bed,near its-top,and provided near one end with a left-hand thread andnear the other end with a right-hand thread; 0, a

hollow driving'sh'aft disposed in front of the bed and geared to the screw; D, a pair of fric tion-clutch pulleys on the drivingshaft, the intention being that these pulleys shall be driven by belts in opposite direction, and,

preferably, one at greater speed than the other; E, a clutch-rod passing through the hollow driving shaft, and serving as a means for shiftingfthe cone which engages and disengages the friction-pulleys, the disposition of this red within the driving-shaft being, of course, nonessentialfit being only desired that the rod should be connected with the clutch mechanism, so as to serve as a means for throwing eitherone of the clutches into action, as desired; F, a hand-lever disposed conveniently to the front of the machine and connected with the clutch-rod, this lever being the means by which the clutch-pulleys are engaged when it is desired to revolve the screw in one direction or the other; G, a pair of saddles, one

1 tion of the screw ;'H, a pair of sockets or cylinders formed upon each of the saddles, the, pairs of sockets facing each other; J a plunger separabl y inserted in each socket and provided with a flange to limitits inward-motion, the plunger having a bore adapted to neatly but freely admit the spindle end of the axle on which the collars are to be pressed, thelength of the plunger corresponding withthelen'gth of the spindle from nipple-shoulder to collar face when the collar. has reached its proper placeupon the axle; K, a strong .water cylinder forming an outer extremity for each of the sockets H; L, a pistonfitted in each of these water-cylinders and provided. with proper [O to permit the axle-nipple to freely enter and i I being truly connterhored; O,'apressure-gage,

I clined faces corresponding with the distance o theax-ial'lineofthepress-cylinders; T, ascrew,

- 5 hand thread -at-the other end, the right-hand p *the rest and the appropriate press-cylinder, and immediately below the axial line of the -6o rests. In other words, the distance between the gage-tables U will correspond to the po packing toresist hydraulic pressure M, a'stoppiece projectingi'rom'each of these pistons to. ward the 'end wall of its water-cylinder, and

' serving as a means for limiting the recession of 5 the water piston; N, an intermediate plunger, one for each socket H, disposed within the socket and extending from the outer face of the piston to the inner face of the plunger J, this intermediate plunger having a ,bore adapted permit the nipple-shoulder of theaxle to come properly against-the end of the intermediate plungerlwithin thebore of the plunger J, the rear of the bore of ,the intermediate plunger vone-for each water-cylinder, connecting with the water-cylinder, and serving as a means Ton indicating the hydraulic pressure within the water-cylinder; P, a plugged filling-hole for 20 each water cylinder, to serve in filling the water-cylinders with watef; Q, a pair of rests disposed across the central portion of'the bed of the machine and. fitted for sliding adj ustment alongthe same; R, a jaw-piece, one for 2 5 each of these rests, fitted to slide in "the'rest transverse to the bed of the machine, this jawpiece having two upward projections present-- ing inclined faces, toward the rear of the machine, the distance between these two infrom center to center'ofthe'two sockets H of a pair; S, a similar jaw-piece disposed alongside eachof the jawepieces B and similarly provided with upward projections, the inclined faces of these upward projections, however,';pres enting themselves toward the front of the machine, whereby'the inclined faces of the two jaw-piecesare caused to'form a (pair of V-shaped notches immediately below 1 one for each rest, journalcd in the rest and extending lengthwise of the rest centrally'bctween the jaw-pieces R and-S, this screw having a right-hand thread at one end and a leftthread being engaged by a nut formed upon 7 one of the jaw-pieces,while theleft-hand thread 1 is. engaged by a nut formed upon the other j awpiece,-whereby when the screw is turned the 5ottwo jaw-pieces slide lengthwise in opposite di-' rection; U, 'a vertically-adjustable gage-table, I a pair for each of the rests, this gage-table befingsupported by' the rest in a position between press-cylinder.

The length of the machine'is to be such that when the two pairs of ,pressingrcylinders are moved apart the axles maybe laid upon the plungers J, when moved apart, must exceed the length of axle to be operated upon.

The rests Q are to be adjusted and fixed upon the bed at such distances from each other that sition of the collars to be placed upon the Y axles. The gage-tables are to be vertical] y adjusted to such height that when the axis of an axle being operated upon coincides w'iththe 'axis of the cylinders operating upon it thecollar or plunger .or other proper part of the collarwill rest-upon the tablc gages. By-turning the screws T the V-shaped notchesformed by the jaw-pieces will be widened or narrowed, and the iuclined'jaw-snrface will form tangents of a circle of greater or less diameter. The

jaw -pieccs should be so adjusted that the notches'will support the cylindrical axles, so that theiraxes correspond with the axes of their pressing-c linders. The V shaped notchesthus serve to d termine the vertical position and sidewise position ofthe axle, while the gage:

tables U serve as surface for determining the plane of the flanges or ears or lugs or what not upon the collars which are to be pressed upon the-axles. By throwing the lever F in one direction one of the friction-pulleys will 'be'throwninto engagement with the drivingshaft, andeonsequcntly the screw B will he revolved, and the saddles G, with their cylin ders, will be movedforcibly in a direction, say, toward each other. By th rowing the lever F-in' the other direction the reverse motion of the parts will take place, and the press will open to permit the removal and placing of axles.- The screw is the direct pressing means, and itis desirable that the speed of the driving-pulleys be so arranged that the opening' motion of the'parts will he a morcrapid one than the closing or pressing one.

The machine as illustrated is for operat ing upon two axles at one time. The rest portion of the machine having been indicated, andthe' cylinder K being full otwater, the machine is readyfor operation. The

collarsare slipped upon the axles as far as adjusted to the'work in hand, as heretofore they will go, and the axles are then laid in the V-shaped rest-notches,with the collar-ears or analogonscollar portions bronght-intot he sameplane byresting upon the gage-tables. This leaves the twolaxles in linewith the bores of the plungers J. The lever F is now thrown into proper direction toprodnce the pressing motion. The saddles G slide toward each other, the plungers J going over the nose of the a-xles,until-fi'nally the exposed faces of these-plungers come in contact with the collars on the axle. The pressing motion continues, the collars becoming forced farther upon the axles, until finally the nipples of the 1 axles enter the bores of the'intermediate pl u ngers, N, and the faces of these plungers come in contact with the nipple-shoulders'of the axles,whereuponthehand-leveristobethrown,

so as to open the press and permit the removal of the axle and the placing of others.

It will be noticed that the only thing to preventtherctreat of the plungers J within their sockets during the pressing operation is the water behind the piston L. This water will,

therefore, become subjected to pressure, and

the degree of pressure will be indicated by the pressure-gage. Knowing the desired minimum pressure with which the collars are to be Iapplied, and knowing the area of the piston L,

i we may fix upon a gage-indication of pressure 1 per square inchwhich will correspond to the minimum force with which we wish *toapply the collars. Should any collar go to its final position without the appropriate minimum pressure being indicated bythegages, it is evident that the .collar is too loose,and-the work can be rejected or marked for remedy.

The two ollars on an axle may not-require equal forcefor their seating,-as one maybe a trifle looser than the other. The; separate gages serve as means for determining the pressing force employed in seating each individual collar.- a t i i It is obvious that if one'collar upon an axle goes on easier than the other collar'upon the same axle the easy-going collar will be the first one pressed to its position,and the hard-going collar will not be pressed to "its appropriate position until the nipple-shoulderat the easygoing end of the axle has come in contact with axles by bending, and might' also injure the.

gages by overpressure and bring improper straiusupou the machine. The water in the water-cylinders being non-compressible, it is obvious that the piston L will have an inconsiderable retreating motion during the press ing operation. The intention is, that they shall only retreat sufficiently to produce an indicating pressure upon the water, and a "Dr; ,{,.put.upou this retreating motion by sw m s M coming in contact with the back walls of the water-cylinders. The pistons J, which bear against the collars during the can therefore retreat sufficientl y to cause the pressing elementsto cease. vThis maximum force should come within the limit of force to which it is considered wise to subject the axles at endwise pressure.

It is desirable that the faces of the plungers pressing operation, should have as much bearing-surface'upon the collars as possible. vVarious sizes of axles areto be operated upon, and therefore pluugers J should be selected having bores to conform properly to -the diameter of the axle-spindle. Furthermore, the length of the plungers J from their faceto the face of the intermediate plungers, N, repretial.

sents the exact distance to whichthe axle-collars are to be set from the nippleshonlders.

Thereforeplungers J should be selected and used having a length appropriate to the work in hand. These plungersJ are merely bored cylinders slipped within the forward ends of the sockets and provided with frontal flanges,

which may be taken hold of by'hand in removing the plungers. Appropriate sets of the plungers being at hand,the press may be provided with those having bores and lengths appropriateto the workto be done.

" The intermediate plungers, N, come in con;

tact with the nipple-shoulder only after their appropriate collars have reached final position upon the axle, and thereafter the axle becomes pushed upon by the appropriateintermediate I plunger, N, the corresponding collar no longer changing its position upon the axle.flThe pressure of contact between the intermediate plunger, N, and its axle end may be enormous,

and great care should be taken to avoid this pressure being applied at the 'end of the threaded nipple of theaxle, else the end of the nipple mightbecolne upset orthe end thread'destroyed. The strain should therefore be im posed upon the nipple shouldenand as this shoulder is rather shallow it isimportaut that the bore of the intermediate plunger should be as small as is consistent with the free admission of the nipple. Axles with difl'erent sizes of nipple therefore call for the use of intermediate plungers with different sizes ofbore. The intermediate plungers are simply boredcyliuders slipping freely within the sockets. Ap'propriate sets of them being at command, properoncs may be readily employed. By withdrawing the plungers J the intermediate plungersmay be withdrawn by means of a hook inserted through the bore and hookinginto the counterbore.

My preferred construction is to have both of the saddles G, with the parts which they support, move upon the bed, though of course the same ultimate results will be produced it one of the saddles is secured to the bed and the other one is movable in performing the operations. the saddles are movable requires less trouble in opening the press and in closing the press upon the axles, thus effecting an important saving in time, and it also permits of the axles, after being laid in the rests, maintaining substantially a fixed position throughout the operation. I also prefer the described construction providing for operations upon two axles at one time, though of course this is not essen- I also preferthe employment of the described screw arrangement as a means for applying the pressing t'orce; butotherwell-kuowu pressing means may obviously be employed to produce the forcible approach of theimmediate pressing elements.

Iclaim as my invention- 1. In an axle-collar press, the combination,

substantially as set forth,with means for hold- A construction in which both of.

ing an axle, of a socket arranged for forcible movement longitudinallyupon the end of the axle, a plunger fitted therein andadapt-cd to go over the end of the axle and bear upon the collar to be pressed thereon, and a plunger to the rear of said plunger arranged to make con-1 tact at the end of the axle and limit the degree of advance of the axle-within the socket.

-2. In an axle-collar press, the combination,

substantially as set forth,with means for bolding an axle, of a socket'arranged for forci-v -ble movement longitudinally upon the'end 1 ter-cylinder arranged to receive pressure from saidfplunger. i r v t 3; In an axle-collar press, the combination, substantially as set forth, with means for holding' an axle, of a socket arranged for forcible,

movement longitudinally upon the end of the axle, a plunger fitting said'socket and adapted to engage the end of the axle and the collar thereon, a water cylinder to'the rear of said socket provided with a-pressure-indicator, and

a'piston in said water-cylinder arranged to receive pressure fromsaid plunger and provided with a stop-piece to limit its retreat.

4. In an axle-collar'press, the combination, substantially as set forth,with means for holding an axle, of a socket arranged for forcible movement lon itudinally uponthe end of the axle, a separa le plunger fitting said socket,-

and having a bore suited to' the diameter of axle being operated upon and having alength suited to the spindle length of the axle, and a separable plunger to the rear of said firstmentioned plunger, having a bore suited to the nipple of the axle being operated upon.

5. vIn an axle collar press, the combination, substantially as set forth, of a bed provided with means for holding an axle, a saddle fitted to slide on said bed and carrying an axle-forc- 4 ing socket, a screw journaled in said bed and engaging said saddle, and a driving-shaft arranged'for the transmission of motion to said screw, and friction-pulleys upon said d-rivingshaft.

6. In an axle collar press. the combination, substantially as set forth, of a bed, A, saddles G, .fitted thereon, sockets H, carried thereby,

tons, and plungerswithin the sockets adapted means, substantially as described, for forcibly approaching the saddles, water-cylinders K, provided with pressure indicators and pisfor engagement with the ends of the axles.

. 7'. In aniaxle-collaripress, the combination, a substantially as set forth, of at bed, a. saddle upon each end thereof fitted for sliding movementthc'reon, plungerrreceiving sockets car- I riedfby said saddlesandf adapted :to engage the ends of axles, and means, substantiallyas described, formmoving the two saddlesto and from each other.

8.1 In an axle-collar press, the combination,

substantially as and for the purpose setforth,

of a hed,saddlescarrying sockets andplungers andsfitted for movement thereon, means, substantially as. described,- for moving the sad-- dl'esgto and from each other, rests Q, supported by the bed between the saddles,-jaw -pieces R andv S, disposed inpairsalongside each other and fitted forsliding motion in the rests transverse to the bed, and provided with oppositely-facing inclined-upward projections, and

screws 'T, for adjusting said jaw-piecesemtwise with reference to each other. a

9, In an axle-collar press, the combination, substantially asset fortluof a bed,,saddles' fitted to sliderthereon and carrying sockets and plu ngers, means, substantially" as described, for moving said saddles to and from each other, and vertically-adjustable gage-tables U', disposed below the axial lines of said sockets. g a

10. In an axlercollar press, the combine-- tion, substantiallyas set forth, of abcd, press ing-sockets carrying plungers and fitted for sliding movement on said bed, screw B, engaging said saddles, hollow driviugshat't (l, geared to saidscrew, friction-clutches D on isaiddriving shaft, clutch-rod E, disposed in the hollow of said driving-shalt, and arranged, substantially as described, for v operating said friction-clutches, and hand-lever F, for longi tudinally shifting said rod.

ll. In an axle-collar press, the combination, substantially as set forth, ofv a bed, a. screw journaled therein, means, substantially as described, for rotating said screw in either direction, saddles G,fi'tted to slide on said bedand engaging said screw, sockets H, carried by said saddles and provided with plungers, rests Q,.adjustablysecured to said bed between said saddles, and rest-jaws R and S, carried by said rests.

ANDREW. PATERSON.

Witnesses:

FRANK B. FIELD, CHAS. J. ROESLER. 

